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Oxford Streamline English | Destinations | audio | Student's book | Bernard Hartley | iamebook
Student's Book
Authors: Bernard Hartley & Peter Viney
Published March 18th 1981 by Oxford University Press

Streamline English Destinations is a course for intermediate students of English. It is designed either to follow on from Streamline English Departures and Connections, or as an independent course for students of varying backgrounds.
Destinations revises and consolidates basic structures and
vocabulary and extends students' linguistic and communicative competence by means of imaginatively presented written and spoken texts and fully-integrated creative language tasks.
The material consists of 80 units. Each unit provides a 50-minute lesson and is clearly laid out on a separate page.
As well as the Student's Edition, there is a comprehensive Teacher's Edition, two Workbooks, each covering 40 units of the course, and three cassettes containing recordings of all the dialogues and texts.
Also available for use with Destinations:
Destinations Speechwork Streamline Graded Readers level 5
Other courses in the Streamline series are:
Departures (beginner) Connections (pre-intermediate) Directions (post-intermediate)
Oxford University Press

Features of the English language
English has changed so much in the last 1500 years that it would now be hardly recognizable to the Anglo-Saxons who brought the language across the North Sea. Although they would be able to recognize many individual words, they would not recognize the way those words are put together to make sentences. Old English, like modern German, was a highly inflected language, i.e. most words changed their endings or forms to show their relationship to other words in the sentence according to number (singular, plural), gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), case (subject, object), tense (past, future) etc. Some modern English words still inflect, but much less so than in other European languages. The English verb ‘to ride’ inflects into five forms (ride, rides, riding, rode, ridden) whereas rhe equivalent German verb has sixteen forms. The English word ‘the’ has only one form, whereas other European languages would have several different forms. The trend towards simplicity of form is considered to be a strength of English. Another strength is the flexibility of function of individual words. Look at these uses of the word ‘round’:
There was a round table, (adjective) He bought a round of drinks, (noun) He turned round, (adverb)
He ran round the field, (preposition) The car tried to round the bend too quickly, (verb)
This flexibility, together with a flexibility towards the assimilation of words borrowed from other languages and the spontaneous crea.tion
of new words have made English what it is today, an effective medium of international communication. English has achieved this in spite of the difficulties caused by written English, which is not systematically phonetic.
Some loan words
Arabic admiral, algebra, mattress Spanish mosquito, cigar, canyon Italian piano, violin, spaghetti Dutch yacht, boss, deck Hindi pyjamas, shampoo, bungalow
Turkish yoghurt, kiosk Japanese tycoon, karate Malay bamboo, compound Nahuatl (Aztec) tomato, chocolate Quechua (Inca) coca, quinine Hungarian coach, paprika Classical Greek theatre, astronomy, logic
Gaelic whisky
Russian vodka, sputnik Finnish sauna Chinese tea, silk Portuguese marmalade Eskimo anorak Czech robot Farsi (Iranian) lilac Basque bizarre Carib canoe
Australian Aborigine kangaroo boomerang
Modern French rendezvous, café Modern German kindergarten
Some ‘created’ words xerox, to xerox, xeroxed a hoover, to hoover, hoovered mackintosh, sandwich, submarine, helicopter, pop, rock’n roll, x-ray, astronaut, hot dog.
English today
Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is the language of aviation, international sport and pop music. 75% of the world’s mail is in English, 60% of the world’s radio stations broadcast in English and more than half of the world’s periodicals are printed in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In many others it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many varieties of English, but Scottish, Texan, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would recognize that they are all speaking the same basic language.

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