This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz


00:03:44 1 Etymology and definition
00:07:58 2 Elements and issues
00:08:08 2.1 Improvisation
00:11:14 2.2 Tradition and race
00:13:37 2.3 Roles of women
00:15:18 3 Origins and early history
00:16:01 3.1 Blended African and European music sensibilities
00:20:11 3.2 African rhythmic retention
00:23:15 3.3 Afro-Cuban influence
00:26:20 3.4 Ragtime
00:29:29 3.5 Blues
00:29:38 3.5.1 African genesis
00:31:11 3.5.2 W. C. Handy: early published blues
00:33:43 3.6 New Orleans
00:36:24 3.6.1 Syncopation
00:38:57 3.7 Swing in the early 20th century
00:42:07 3.8 Other regions
00:43:26 4 The Jazz Age
00:49:52 4.1 Swing in the 1920s and 1930s
00:51:53 4.2 The influence of Duke Ellington
00:54:12 4.3 Beginnings of European jazz
00:56:50 5 Post-war jazz
01:03:19 5.1 Bebop
01:11:46 5.2 Afro-Cuban jazz (cu-bop)
01:11:57 5.2.1 Machito and Mario Bauza
01:13:38 5.2.2 Dizzy Gillespie and Chano Pozo
01:15:55 5.2.3 African cross-rhythm
01:17:44 5.3 Dixieland revival
01:19:24 5.4 Hard bop
01:20:34 5.5 Modal jazz
01:22:47 5.6 Free jazz
01:27:33 5.6.1 Free jazz in Europe
01:29:29 5.7 Latin jazz
01:31:59 5.7.1 Afro-Cuban jazz renaissance
01:34:27 5.7.2 Afro-Brazilian jazz
01:36:26 5.8 African-inspired
01:36:35 5.8.1 Themes
01:38:25 5.8.2 Rhythm
01:40:24 5.8.3 Pentatonic scales
01:43:10 5.9 Jazz fusion
01:44:24 5.9.1 Miles Davis' new directions
01:45:49 5.9.2 Psychedelic-jazz
01:45:58 5.9.2.1 Weather Report
01:47:45 5.9.3 Jazz-rock
01:50:17 5.10 Jazz-funk
01:52:11 5.11 Traditionalism in the 1980s
01:59:46 5.12 Smooth jazz
02:01:56 5.13 Acid jazz, nu jazz, and jazz rap
02:05:19 5.14 Punk jazz and jazzcore
02:07:02 5.15 M-Base
02:08:23 5.16 1990s–present
02:14:31 6 See also



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SUMMARY
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Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States. It originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime. Jazz is seen by many as "America's classical music". Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".As jazz spread around the world, it drew on national, regional, and local musical cultures, which gave rise to different styles. New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, improvisational style and Gypsy jazz (a style that emphasized musette waltzes) were the prominent styles. Bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging "musician's music" which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed near the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, linear melodic lines.
The 1950s saw the emergence of free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal structures, and in the mid-1950s, hard bop emerged, which introduced influences from rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. Modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or ...