Perhaps no community has undergone more versions of imperialism than the tiny island nation of Nauru, which has morphed from being "Pleasant Island" to the mined-out home of offshore banks, discarded refugees, and deep sea mining interests. Jason, Rob, and Asher take a bad trip to wrap their heads around Nauru, the topic of "psychedelic imperialism," and imperialism's new frontier - the clean energy transition.

Warning: This podcast occasionally uses spicy language.

Sources/Links/Notes:

• "A Dark History of the World's Smallest Island Nation (https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/dark-history-nauru/) " tells the tale of Nauru.
• S.J. Gale, "Lies and misdemeanours: Nauru, phosphate and global geopolitics (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214790X18303095) ," The Extractive Industries and Society, vol 6, July 2019.
• FAQs (https://metals.co/frequently-asked-questions/) of the Metals Company
• Eric Lipton's New York Times article about imperialistic mining (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/29/world/deep-sea-mining.html) of the Pacific Ocean floor.
• Mining Watch Canada questions the claims (https://www.miningwatch.ca/news/2023/11/15/while-metals-company-construct-their-own-reality-commercial-deep-sea-mining-long) of the Metals Company.
• Elham Shabahat's article in Hakai Magazine, "Why Nauru Is Pushing the World Toward Deep-Sea Mining (https://hakaimagazine.com/news/why-nauru-is-pushing-the-world-toward-deep-sea-mining/) " 
• Definition of imperialism (https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/imperialism#) from the Cornell Law School
• J.A. Hobson's book Imperialism: A Study (https://search.worldcat.org/title/imperialism-a-study/oclc/502793)
• Jason Hickel et al., "Imperialist appropriation in the world economy (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802200005X) : Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990-2015," Global Environmental Change, vol 73, March 2022.
• Critique of lithium extraction (https://globaljusticeecology.org/wp-content/uploads/False-solutions-to-climate-change-Lithium-mining-in-Chile.docx.pdf) in the Atacama Desert
• Indigenous people's response (https://www.firstnations.org/stories/one-native-groups-fight-to-protect-sacred-land-from-destructive-lithium-mining/) to lithium mining in Nevada
• How the Sami people are protesting (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/21/green-industry-wants-to-take-our-land-the-new-battle-for-the-arctic) Sweden's "green transformation"
• Episode 3 of the Holding the Fire podcast (https://www.resilience.org/stories/2023-10-17/holding-the-fire-episode-3-aslak-holmberg/) , featuring Sami leader Aslak Holmberg
• Cobus van Staden on "Green Energy's Dirty Secret: Its Hunger for African Resources (https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/06/30/africa-congo-drc-ev-electric-vehicles-batteries-green-energy-minerals-metals-mining-resources-colonialism-human-rights-development-china/) "
• Jim Robbins in Yale Environment 360 on "How Returning Lands to Native Tribes Is Helping Protect Nature (https://e360.yale.edu/features/how-returning-lands-to-native-tribes-is-helping-protect-nature) "
• "Indigenous Land Return Announcement (https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/2023/06/21/social-justice-organizations-return-43-acres-of-land-to-black-and-indigenous-stewardship-in-sf-bay-area/) by Sogorea Te’ Land Trust and Movement Generation!" -- article by Ines Ixierda
• "New Zealands's Maori fought for reparations -- and won (https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23518642/new-zealand-reparations-maori-settlements)

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